Edward IV of England; 1461

Edward IV King of England and Lord of Ireland, «The Armorial of Edward IV», «The Edward IV Roll», armorial in the form of a roll about 6 meters long, created to celebrate the coronation of Edward IV as the first King of England from the House of York and illustrated, probably, by different artists, 1461.

---

The image illustrating this reference corresponds to the banner, which is number 27 in the 2^nd column, the final one of this armorial. This banner is held by a white deer, which was a personal badge of King Richard II of England, and also, two white deer were the supporters of his shield. The reason for the inclusion of this white deer might be to contribute to the legitimization of Edward IV as king.

It is notable that in row 25 of the 2^nd column of this armorial there is a banner with the arms of the shield of Castilla y León, probably because Edward IV, like his predecessors, claimed their throne. In this version of the shield of Castilla y León:

• The two gold castles, in the 1^st and 4^th quarters of gules, have three towers with the central one taller like the Castilian, but the twin side towers seem to be connected by the wall as in the English castle, [Valero de Bernabé, L.; 2009a; page 2] and [Valero de Bernabé, L.; 2009b; page 33], the wall has a door that is enameled in azure as in the Castilian.
• The two lions, in the 2^nd and 3^rd quarters of silver, seem to be gold, therefore, of «metal on metal» and, furthermore, very different from the purple lion of Castilla y León, it could well be an error by the artist or a degradation of an original purple enamel to ochre, as explained in the pendón de Castilla y León.

This shield of Castilla y León also appears:

• On the banner in row 27 of the 1^st column of this armorial. In this banner, they are combined with the arms of England represented in this article, in a new quartered, under an escutcheon with the imaginary arms of «Brutus of Troy», the also imaginary founder and king of Britain.
• On the caparison of the horse that Edward IV rides in the portrait at the beginning of his armorial. This caparison is a reproduction of the previous banner in row 27 of the 1^st column that combined the arms of England with those of Castilla y León. The presence of these arms in this initial portrait of the armorial of Edward IV denotes the importance he gave to his aspirations to the crown of Castilla y León.

---

Bibliographical reference of century XV.

The author is Edward IV of England.

Here are the articles quoting this reference:

• Banner of Castile and León
• Brutus of Britain
• Brutus of Britain, banner
• Charles V of France
• Edward IV of England
• Edward IV, armorial for His coronation
• Edward IV, quartered con Castile and León
• Heraldica Nova
• King Arthur, 3 crowns in pale
• King Arthur, banner with 3 crowns in pale
• King Arthur, banner with cross flory
• King Arthur, cross flory
• Leonor de Aquitania
• Pendón con inescutcheon de Edward IV

External resources:

• Free Library: Edward.
• Free Library: Banners.
• The Edward IV Roll.
• Brutus of Troy.

Exercise by mail

The interested parties with personal data in this data file have the right to access, rectify, cancel and oppose (so-called ARCO rights), which can be exercised by addressing the person responsible for the file:

• Antonio Salmeron Cabañas
• Paseo de la Castellana 135, 7^th floor
• 28046 Madrid
• Spain

Email exercise

The user who wishes to exercise them more directly can send an email to the following address .

Real Academia Española, «Diccionario de la lengua española», known as DRAE, acronym for Diccionario de la Real Academia Española, 23^rd edition, Espasa Calpe, Madrid, 2014.

---

This bibliographic reference of the DRAE is illustrated with one of my interpretations of the emblem of the Real Academia Española. Oval emblem with its crucible over a bonfire, surmounted by a closed Royal crown and its motto «Limpia, fija y da esplendor», around the emblem in letters of Or on Azure.

---

Bibliographical reference of century XXI.

Classification: Dictionary and Castilian language.

Author: Royal Spanish Academy.

The following article cites this bibliographic reference:

• Lozengy 5x6 and 6x7

External link:

• Real Academia Española: Diccionario.

And Count of Touraine and Maine, Duke of Normandy, and founder of the Plantagenet dynasty.

Azure, six lions rampant Or, 3, 2 and 1.

Escudo de azur, seis leones rampantes de oro, 3, 2 y 1.

Existing armories interpreted by me as follows: the shield's shape is pointed; the field has been enameled in flat azure; the 6 lions are illuminated; and the entire composition has a watercolor finish.

When blazoning these 6 lions, considering that in heraldry the natural arrangement of elements is from more in chief to fewer in base, it would suffice to specify nothing more than «or and rampant». However, adding their arrangement «3, 2, and 1» can aid the reader, as done by [Avilés, J.; 1725b; page 124] and [Avilés, J.; 1780b; page 142] when blazoning the arms of Alfonso Enrique de Vick, writing «sable, and six bezants or, three, two, and one», meaning 6 ordered elements. In these sequences of number arrangements, I prefer to write Arabic numerals rather than words because, at times, the sequences can be long.

---

Blazon keywords: Without divisions, Azure, Six, Lion, Or, Rampant and Three, two and one.

Style keywords: Pointed, Illuminated, Outlined in the field tincture and Watercolor.

Classification: Interpreted, Personal, Coat of arms and House of Plantagenet.

Bearer: Godfrey V, Count of Anjou.

Azure, six lions rampant Or, 3, 2 and 1.

Escudo de azur, seis leones rampantes de oro, 3, 2 y 1.

Existing armories interpreted by me as follows: the shape of the shield is pointed; the field has been enameled in flat azure; the 6 lions are illuminated and cast shadows on the field; and the entire composition has a hammered metal finish.

The shield of Geoffrey V, Count of Anjou is considered the first documented coat of arms in history, dated to 1127, when Henry I of England gifted it to him on the occasion of his marriage to his daughter Matilda of England [The Heraldry Society; 2013].

There is no direct evidence that Henry I possessed a coat of arms, nor that it featured a rampant lion [Humphery-Smith, C.; 1983], but the gift of a shield with 6 lions to his future son-in-law could be an indication of such.

Geoffrey is buried in the Cathedral of Saint Julian in Le Mans, and his tomb is decorated with an enamel depicting him with his shield, where of his 6 lions: 4 are fully visible, and 2 are suggested by their claws.

However, it is possible that both the wedding gift narrative and the enamel on the tomb are from years after his death in 1151, so [Pastoureau, M.; Garvie, F.; 1997; page 18] asserts that «this account was written after Geoffrey's death... and his funerary enamel commissioned by his widow Matilda between 1155 and 1160... therefore it is possible that Geoffrey Plantagenet never had a coat of arms».

---

Blazon keywords: Without divisions, Azure, Six, Lion, Or, Rampant and Three, two and one.

Style keywords: Pointed, Illuminated, Shaded, Outlined in the field tincture and Metal beaten.

Classification: Interpreted, Personal, Coat of arms and House of Plantagenet.

Bearer: Godfrey V, Count of Anjou.

José de Avilés e Iturbide, Marquis of Aviles, member of the Supreme Council of War, «Ciencia heroyca, reducida a las leyes heráldicas del blasón: Ilustrada con exemplares de todas las piezas, figuras y ornamentos de que puede componerse un escudo de armas interior y exteriormente, Volume II», dedicated to Juan Bautista de Orendyn (Juan Bautista de Orendáin y Azpilicueta) of His Majesty's Council, printed by Juan Piferrer of the Ángel's Square, 404 pages, Barcelona, 1725.

---

I also usually consult Volume I of the edition [Avilés, J.; 1780b].

Contents of Volume Two

• Cover page.
• To the reader.
• Errata sheet for each of the treatises.
• Summary of the price.
• Table of the treatises.
• Plate index.
• Warnings.
• 319 pages for its 4 treatises: Treatise I with 6 chapters, Treatise II with 3 chapters, Treatise III with 4 chapters, and Treatise IV with 13 chapters.
• 25 plates with hundreds of coats of arms and illustrative figures arranged at the end of each treatise, as follows: Plates 1 to 16 at the end of Treatise I, Plates 17 to 19 at the end of Treatise II, Plates 20 to 24 at the end of Treatise III, and Plate 25 at the end of Treatise IV.
• Index of terms, words, and figures specific to blazonry.
• Index of cities, titles, and families with coats of arms blazoned in this second volume.

Crown of count

Infamed arms

---

Bibliographical reference of century XVIII.

Classification: In black and white and Castilian language.

The author is Avilés e Iturbide, José.

The following articles cite this bibliographic reference:

• Criteria used by its title
• Flanched, schemaat one-third
• Godfrey V, Count of Anjou

External resources:

• Valencian Digital Library, records for the Volumes I and II.
• Valencian Digital Library, content of Volume II.

Internal resources: AvilesJ1725.Tomo.II.pdf.

Cecil Humphery-Smith, FHS - Fellow of The Heraldry Society, «Why three Leopards?», Coat of Arms, COA, An Heraldic Quarterly Magazine, issue 126, The Heraldry Society, Baldock, Hertfordshire, summer of 1983.

---

The coat of arms illustrating this bibliographic reference is that of the Kingdom of England, which was also that of the queen of Castile Leonor Plantagenet.

---

Bibliographical reference of century XX.

The author is Humphery-Smith, Cecil.

Bibliographic reference mentioned in the following articles:

• Geoffrey Plantagenet
• John I of England
• Leonor Plantagenet
• Richard I of England

External link:

• The Heraldry Society.

Internal resources: HumpherySmithC1983.3Leopards.docx.

As far as possible, in Blason.es I use the heraldic laws of the coat of arms by Jose de Aviles and Iturbide, marquis of Aviles, in his books in 2 volumes [Avilés, J.; 1725a] and [Avilés, J.; 1725b].

But in some cases, for example: a) when I do not find the criteria in these volumes and I have to consult other authors to whom I refer in the bibliography or b) when the doubt is not so much heraldic as of style, artistic technique, historical, linguistic, etc. After studying the case, I then establish my own criteria or I choose the one that seems to me the best reasoned of other authors and heralds and I leave it here written.

Naturally, I am open and grateful to all possible criticisms to these heraldic criteria, that can be sent to , and to review these criteria always with a spirit of improvement.

~ B ~

• Brutus of Britain
• Brutus of Britain, banner

~ C ~

• Castilian heraldry
• Chequey, chequy or checky

~ E ~

• Eight-ball, another version with a terrace in base
• Empresa, conjunto de cargas sobre el campo
• Enterprise, set of charges on the field

~ F ~

• Flanched, schemaat one-third

~ G ~

• Governance heraldry

~ H ~

• Heraldic classification

~ I ~

• Imaginary heraldry
• In and wise
• In bend and bend sinisterwise
• In bend and bendwise
• In bend and fesswise
• In bend and palewise
• In bend sinister and bend sinisterwise
• In bend sinister and bendwise
• In bend sinister and fesswise
• In bend sinister and palewise
• In fess and bend sinisterwise
• In fess and bendwise
• In fess and fesswise
• In pale and bend sinisterwise
• In pale and bendwise
• In pale and fesswise
• Inescutcheon with the arms of Brutus of Britain
• Invected and engrailed

~ L ~

• Latidos Podencos

~ M ~

• Military heraldry
• Motto of Rolando Yñigo-Genio

~ P ~

• Personal Heraldry

~ R ~

• Religious heraldry

~ S ~

• Socioeconomic heraldry
• Supporters with human forms from the city of Ubeda

Continue with: Pastoureau, M.; Garvie, F.; 1997.