Pedigree collapse, we are all cousins

We have 2 parents, 4 grandparents, 8 great grandparents, 16 great grandparents,... growing exponentially (2ⁿ), 32, 64, 128, ... Circa the year 850 we have more «theoretical» ancestors than inhabitants of the world. It follows that:

• Many of our ancestors are repeated in our family tree.
• Many historical figures (philosophers, scientists, writers, artists, kings, warriors, etc.) will appear in our family tree.
• We share many ancestors with others, we are all cousins, we are a great family.

I have painted the following graphic to show this idea. Traveling to the past we see the number of our «theoretical» ancestors grows and the world's population decreases.

The graph is calculated with 2.46 generations per century, and with other rates although the graph changes but the previous conclusions remain. For example, with 4 generations per century, more real rate time ago when we had children at an earlier age, the curves intersect before. If it is done by continents and/or adding the lines without offspring, the high infant mortality and pests of past times,... the curves also cross before.

To this effect is called «pedigree collapse».

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Category: Genealogy.

Vicente de Cadenas y Vicent, Dean King of Arms, «Diccionario heráldico: Términos, Piezas y Figuras Usadas en la Ciencia del Blasón», Instituto Salazar Castro (C. S. I. C. Higher Center for Scientific Research), edited by Ediciones Hidalguía, 6^th edition with more heraldic terms, 338 pages, Madrid, 2002.

In 1953, the 1^st edition was awarded the Menestrier Prize, from the International Institute of Genealogy and Heraldry.

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Bibliographical reference of century XXI.

Author: Cadenas y Vicent, Vicente de.

The following article cites this bibliographic reference:

• Vilardi, lineage of Italy

External resource:

• Google Books.

Bernabé Moreno de Vargas, Perpetual councilor of the City of Mérida, «Discourse on the Nobility of Spain», corrected and added by the same author, A.E., Madrid, printed in the printing house of Antonio Espinosa, year of M. DCC. XCV. 1795. available at Escribano's Bookstore, Carretas street, Madrid, 1795

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Bibliographical reference of century XVIII.

Classification: Castilian language and In black and white.

The author is Moreno de Vargas, Bernabé.

Internal resources: MorenoDeVargasB1795.DiscursosDeLaNobleza.pdf.

Claude-François Menestrier, member of the Society of Jesus, «Le veritable art du blason et la pratique des Armoiries depuis leur Institution», «Auec Privilege du Roy»~avec le privilège du roi, 10 pages of introduction, 415 pages of content, 14 pages of indexes and 339 pages in total, Chez Benoît Coral, ruë Merciere à la Victoire, Lyon, 1659.

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Bibliographical reference of century XVII.

Classification: In black and white and French language.

The author is Menestrier, Claude-François.

The following article cites this bibliographic reference:

• Oschoven of the Rhin

External resource:

• Edition of 1671.

Vigil Raber, «Armorial con 7244 escudos de armas», 903 pages of content, almost all color pages, 7244 coat of arms, 30 x 21 centimeters, at the Herzogin Anna Amalia Library, shelf code Fol 220, permanent identifier 1249054540, 1548.

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Bibliographical reference of century XVI.

Classification: Armorial roll, Manuscript, In color and German language.

The author is Raber, Vigil.

External links:

• Record in the Herzogin Anna Amalia Library.
• Content in the Herzogin Anna Amalia Library.
• Content in the Bilder Server.

Antonio Salmerón Cabañas, «Coat of arms and heraldic creation between April 2015 and December 2016», paintings registered in the Intellectual Property Registry of Madrid, with 299 illustrations, 4 black and white and 295 color, of coats of arms and other heraldic objects, 88 pages request code M-008058/2016, and registration number 16/2017/2707, Madrid, 15^th of December of 2016.

In this body of work, I have focused on capturing the essence of heraldry, balancing historical accuracy with artistic interpretation. Each illustration is a reflection of my passion for heraldic art, meticulously crafted to bring centuries-old traditions to life in a modern context.

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Bibliographical reference of century XXI.

Author: Salmerón Cabañas, Antonio.

Registration and coats of arms of the 2^nd page

Coats of arms of the pages 3 and 4

Interpreted coat of arms: with a semi-circular shape; illuminated with metals argent and or and colors sable and azure; outlined with sable; and a freehand finish.

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Blazon keywords: Party per pale, Argent, Cross, Sable, Bordure, Motto, Or, Thirteen, Hurt, Hurt, torteau, pellet, pomme and golpe, Azure, Three, In pale, Four, Five, Chief and Fleur de lis.

Style keywords: Freehand, Semi-circular, Illuminated and Outlined in sable.

Classification: Coat of arms, Interpreted and Personal.

Bearer: Vidriales García y Bustamante, Carlos.

Sigue por: Carlos Vidriales García y Bustamante, crest.