Leonor de Aquitania

Duchess of Aquitaine, Queen Consort of France (1137-1152), and Queen Consort of England (1154-1189).

Gules, a lion passant, guardant Or.

Escudo de gules, un leopardo de oro.

Existing arms interpreted by me as follows: the escutcheon's shape is pointed; the field has been enamelled in flat Gules; the leopard in Or is outlined in Sable; and the whole composition has a rough texture finish.

I have blazoned it as a leopard, which is the term used for a lion when passant, [Avilés, J.; 1725a; pages 290 and 295] and [Avilés, J.; 1780a; pages 325 and 330] «a lion, whose natural position is rampant;... unlike the leopard, which is... always passant» and «leopards have... their heads facing forward, showing both eyes,... lions are... in profile, revealing only one eye... Their posture is never rampant, like the lion’s, but always passant;... if leopards are ever depicted rampant, they are blazoned as ‘leopard-lions’,... and likewise, lions that are passant are blazoned as ‘lion-leopards’.».

For this interpretation of Eleanor’s coat of arms, I have followed [Edward IV of England; 1461; shield 18], where a leopard Or appears, but neither armed nor langued in Azure, representing the Duchy of Aquitaine.

---

Blazon keywords: Without divisions, Gules, One, Leopard and Or.

Style keywords: Pointed, Plain tincture, Outlined in sable and Rough.

Classification: Interpreted, Personal, Coat of arms, Duchy of Aquitaine, Kingdom of France and Kingdom of England.

Bearer: Leonor de Aquitania.

[ Gules, a lion rampant Or, ] accolé with [ Gules, a lion passant, guardant Or ].

[ Escudo de gules, un león rampante de oro, ] acolado de un [ escudo de gules, un leopardo de oro].

Existing arms interpreted by me as follows: both coat of arms are rotated ±30^o; their shapes are pointed; the field of each coat of arms has been enamelled in flat Gules; the lion and the leopard in Or are outlined in Sable; and the whole composition of both arms has a rough texture finish.

Examples of accolated coat of arms (written as «accolé» in the 18^th century) can be seen in [Avilés, J.; 1780a; pages 24 and 25 and plate 1: figures 1 and 2].

---

Blazon keywords: Without divisions, Gules, One, Lion, Or, Rampant and Leopard.

Style keywords: Pointed, Plain tincture, Outlined in sable, Tilted shield and Metal beaten.

Classification: Interpreted, Personal, Accolé arms, Duchy of Aquitaine, Kingdom of France and Kingdom of England.

Bearer: Leonor de Aquitania.

Gules, a lion passant, guardant Or.

Escudo de gules, un leopardo de oro.

Arms interpreted by me with: the shape of the coat of arms rounded; the field illuminated in Gules; the leopard illuminated in Or, outlined in Sable, and shaded; and the whole composition finished with a marble texture.

A description of the leopard in heraldry can be found in [Medél, R.; 1846; page 38].

---

Blazon keywords: Without divisions, Gules, One, Leopard and Or.

Style keywords: Rounded, Illuminated, Outlined in sable and Marmoreal.

Classification: Interpreted, Personal, Coat of arms, Duchy of Aquitaine, Kingdom of France and Kingdom of England.

Bearer: Leonor de Aquitania.

José de Avilés e Iturbide, Marquis of Aviles, member of the Supreme Council of War, «Ciencia heroyca, reducida a las leyes heráldicas del blasón: Ilustrada con exemplares de todas las piezas, figuras y ornamentos de que puede componerse un escudo de armas interior y exteriormente, Volume I», dedicated to Juan Bautista de Orendyn of His Majesty's Council, printed by Juan Piferrer of the Ángel's Square, 530 pages, Barcelona, 1725.

---

I also usually consult Volume I of the edition [Avilés, J.; 1780a].

Contents of Volume One

• Cover page.
• Dedication.
• Censor's review from 1724.
• Approval.
• To the reader.
• Epigram.
• Summary of privileges.
• Summary of the price.
• Plate index.
• Warnings.
• Errata sheet for each of the treatises.
• Additions.
• Table of the treatises.
• 378 pages for its 4 treatises: Treatise I with 3 chapters and a dictionary, Treatise II with 3 chapters, Treatise III with 3 chapters, and Treatise IV with 4 chapters.
• 34 plates with more than 650 coats of arms arranged at the end of each treatise, as follows: Plates 1 to 16 at the end of Treatise I, Plates 17 to 19 at the end of Treatise II, Plate 20 at the end of Treatise III, and Plates 21 to 34 at the end of Treatise IV.
• Index of terms, words, and figures specific to blazonry.
• Index of cities, titles, and families with coats of arms blazoned in this second volume.

Bordure compony

---

Bibliographical reference of century XVIII.

Classification: In black and white and Castilian language.

Author: Avilés e Iturbide, José.

The following articles cite this bibliographic reference:

• Adrian V
• Baudry in France
• Bourgeois, lineage of Burgundy
• Criteria used by its title
• Dancetty, ratio, points and blazon
• Innocent IV
• Leonor de Aquitania
• Nhf, Norsk Heraldisk Forening
• Pile issuant from the base in the Dictionary of the Spanish Language

External resources:

• Valencian Digital Library, records for the Volumes I and II.
• Valencian Digital Library, content of Volume I.

Internal resources: AvilesJ1725.Tomo.I.pdf.

Edward IV King of England and Lord of Ireland, «The Armorial of Edward IV», «The Edward IV Roll», armorial in the form of a roll about 6 meters long, created to celebrate the coronation of Edward IV as the first King of England from the House of York and illustrated, probably, by different artists, 1461.

---

The image illustrating this reference corresponds to the banner, which is number 27 in the 2^nd column, the final one of this armorial. This banner is held by a white deer, which was a personal badge of King Richard II of England, and also, two white deer were the supporters of his shield. The reason for the inclusion of this white deer might be to contribute to the legitimization of Edward IV as king.

It is notable that in row 25 of the 2^nd column of this armorial there is a banner with the arms of the shield of Castilla y León, probably because Edward IV, like his predecessors, claimed their throne. In this version of the shield of Castilla y León:

• The two gold castles, in the 1^st and 4^th quarters of gules, have three towers with the central one taller like the Castilian, but the twin side towers seem to be connected by the wall as in the English castle, [Valero de Bernabé, L.; 2009a; page 2] and [Valero de Bernabé, L.; 2009b; page 33], the wall has a door that is enameled in azure as in the Castilian.
• The two lions, in the 2^nd and 3^rd quarters of silver, seem to be gold, therefore, of «metal on metal» and, furthermore, very different from the purple lion of Castilla y León, it could well be an error by the artist or a degradation of an original purple enamel to ochre, as explained in the pendón de Castilla y León.

This shield of Castilla y León also appears:

• On the banner in row 27 of the 1^st column of this armorial. In this banner, they are combined with the arms of England represented in this article, in a new quartered, under an escutcheon with the imaginary arms of «Brutus of Troy», the also imaginary founder and king of Britain.
• On the caparison of the horse that Edward IV rides in the portrait at the beginning of his armorial. This caparison is a reproduction of the previous banner in row 27 of the 1^st column that combined the arms of England with those of Castilla y León. The presence of these arms in this initial portrait of the armorial of Edward IV denotes the importance he gave to his aspirations to the crown of Castilla y León.

---

Bibliographical reference of century XV.

Author: Edward IV of England.

The following articles cite this bibliographic reference:

• Heraldica Nova
• Leonor de Aquitania

External links:

• Free Library: Edward.
• Free Library: Banners.
• The Edward IV Roll.
• Brutus of Troy.

Exercise by mail

The interested parties with personal data in this data file have the right to access, rectificate, cancel and oppose (so-called ARCO rights), which can be exercised by addressing the person responsible for the file:

• Antonio Salmeron Cabañas
• Paseo de la Castellana 135, 7^th floor
• 28046 Madrid
• Spain

Email exercise

The user who wishes to exercise them more directly can send an email to the following address .

And Count of Touraine and Maine, Duke of Normandy, and founder of the Plantagenet dynasty.

Azure, six lions rampant Or, 3, 2 and 1.

Escudo de azur, seis leones rampantes de oro, 3, 2 y 1.

Existing armories interpreted by me as follows: the shield's shape is pointed; the field has been enameled in flat azure; the 6 lions are illuminated; and the entire composition has a watercolor finish.

When blazoning these 6 lions, considering that in heraldry the natural arrangement of elements is from more in chief to fewer in base, it would suffice to specify nothing more than «or and rampant». However, adding their arrangement «3, 2, and 1» can aid the reader, as done by [Avilés, J.; 1725b; page 124] and [Avilés, J.; 1780b; page 142] when blazoning the arms of Alfonso Enrique de Vick, writing «sable, and six bezants or, three, two, and one», meaning 6 ordered elements. In these sequences of number arrangements, I prefer to write Arabic numerals rather than words because, at times, the sequences can be long.

---

Blazon keywords: Without divisions, Azure, Six, Lion, Or, Rampant and Three, two and one.

Style keywords: Pointed, Illuminated, Outlined in the field tincture and Watercolor.

Classification: Interpreted, Personal, Coat of arms and House of Plantagenet.

Bearer: Godfrey V, Count of Anjou.

Sigue por: Geoffrey Plantagenet.