Crescent

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Category: Crescent.

187^th Pope of the Church, from 1276 to 1277. «Johannes XXI», born Pedro Julião, also known as Pedro Hispano, born in Lisbon, Portugal.

Quarterly: 1 and 4 Argent, three crescents Gules; 2 and 3 Sable, two pallets Or.

Escudo cuartelado: 1^o y 4^o de plata, tres crecientes de gules; 2^o y 3^o de sable, dos palos de oro.

Coat of arms with: a shield with a pointed and rounded top; the field in plain Argent and Sable; the figures outlined in Sable and illuminated in Gules and Or; and the whole in an elevated line style.

John XXI should have actually been John XX, but Cardinal Pedro Julião, upon being elected pope, decided to skip the number XX and called himself John XXI, with the aim of correcting what was believed to be a historical error, which in the end was not so.

This historical error consisted of the belief in the existence of 2 popes named John XIV, as seemed to be deduced from the records of the «Liber Pontificalis». They were therefore referred to as: the 1^st John XIV and the 2^nd John XIV bis.

By skipping the number XX, John XXI believed he was correcting this historical error. But the reality is that there was only one Pope John XIV, the same pope with 2 entries in the «Liber Pontificalis», the 1^st entry during the time of his pontificate in freedom and the 2^nd entry for the time he exercised his pontificate in prison, imprisoned by his enemy, the so-called «antipope» Boniface VII, who, in turn, managed to occupy the papal throne twice, separated by a decade, in 974 and in 984, somewhat like a double «antipope».

Therefore, John XXI, instead of correcting a historical error, made one, and for this reason, there is no Pope John XX in all of history, nor can there ever be one.

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Blazon keywords: Quarterly, Argent, Three, Crescent, Gules, Ordered, Sable, Two, Pale and Or.

Style keywords: Pointed and rounded, Illuminated, Outlined in sable and Freehand.

Classification: Interpreted, Religious and Papal States.

Bearer: John XXI.

Azure, a palm tree eradicated, between in sinister a lion rampant supporting it Or, in dexter three millwheels, 2 and 1, and in chief a crescent Argent. Motto: «Deo gratias».

Escudo de azur, una palmera arrancada, acompañada a la siniestra de un león rampante empinado a ella ambos de oro, a la diestra de tres ruedas de molino, 2 y 1, y en jefe un creciente todo de plata. Lema: «Deo gratias».

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Blazon keywords: Azure, One, Palm tree, Erased, Between, Sinister, Lion, Rampant, Supporting, Or, Dexter, Three, Millwheel, Ordered, In chief, Crescent, Argent and Motto.

Style keywords: Ogee, Outlined in sable, Illuminated and Parchment.

Classification: Personal, Interpreted, Coat of arms and Latin language.

Bearer: Spanò, Diego Pantaleone.

Or, on a chevron, between three crosses flory Gules, three crescents Argent.

Escudo de oro, un cabrio de gules, cargado de tres crecientes de plata, acompañado de tres cruces flordelisadas de gules.

Design rationale

The arms of «de la Rica» lineage from the Principality of Asturias, Spain, is: «Quarterly: 1 and 4 Or, a cross flory Gules; 2 and 3 Azure, a crescent Argent». Then we made a new design, not quarterly, based on these two figures: the cross flory Gules and the crescent Argent, along with Or for the field and Gules for the chevron, not using Azure to reduce the number of colors. This new blazon for Nick Rica is: «Or, on a chevron between three crosses flory Gules three crescents Argent».

The following figure shows the creation process starting from the coat of arms of the «de la Rica» lineage, in the dexter chief, with the final result in the fess point, and the intermediate variations in orle.

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Blazon keywords: Or, One, Chevron, Gules, Charged, Three, Crescent, Argent, Between, Cross and Flory.

Style keywords: Outlined in sable, Pointed and Plain tincture.

Classification: Personal, Created and Coat of arms.

Bearer: Rica II, Nick Allen.

Party per fess: 1 Or, a tower Gules between in chief a crescent and a mullet of eight points Azure; 2 Azure, three demi-horses courant in bend sinister nascent from the ends of three bars wavy issuant from sinister Argent. Crest: A crown of the Soberana y Muy Noble Orden de la Granada.

Arms interpreted by me, highlighted with lights and shadows, outlined in Sable, with a rounded outer contour and with a leather finish.

Coat of arms of Francisco-José Bermejo Fernández-Briceño designed by Ignacio Koblischek and emblazoned by me.

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Blazon keywords: Or, Azure, Gules, Argent, One, Three, Party per fess, Tower, Between, Chief, Crescent, Mullet, Demi, Horse, Courant, Bend sinister, Nascent, Bar, Wavy, Issuant, Sinister and Crown.

Style keywords: Outlined in sable, Illuminated, Rounded and Leather.

Classification: Personal, Interpreted, Boa and Coat of arms.

Bearer: Bermejo Fernandez-Briceño, Francisco Jose.

Azure, in chief a moon with human face Argent, in base a crescent chequey Sable and Argent; overall a she-wolf ululant, sejant on the crescent proper, armed and the udders Gules.

Escudo de azur, en jefe una luna figurada de plata, en punta un creciente ajedrezado de sable y plata; brochante sobre el todo una loba aullante, sentada en el creciente al natural, armada y ubres de gules.

Coat of arms painted by me, illuminated with lights and shadows, outlined in Sable, with an oval external shape and with a watercolor finish.

The coat of arms of Teresa Otxoa Magaña designed by her and her husband Juan Lanzagorta, and emblazoned by me. The primitive arms of the Otxoa lineage feature wolves, as the name derives from the Basque word «otso» meaning wolf and she-wolf, therefore, both the arms of the lineage and hers are «canting arms», though hers specifically feature a she-wolf.

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Blazon keywords: Azure, Argent, Sable, Gules, One, Chief, Moon, With human face, Base, Crescent, Chequey, Overall, She-wolf, Ululant, Sejant, Proper, Armed and Udder.

Style keywords: Outlined in sable, Illuminated, Oval and Watercolor.

Classification: Personal, Interpreted, Boa and Coat of arms.

Bearer: Otxoa Magaña, Teresa.

Azure, two arrows points upwards in saltire between, in chief a crescent Or, in base an open book Argent, garnished Or, the pages inscribed «Domus Virtus Felicitas» Sable. Crest: Upon a wreath Or and Azure, a bald eagle rising, wings addorsed and inverted proper. Motto: «Liberty Thru Industry».

Arms interpreted by me, illuminated with lights and shadows, outlined in Sable, with a semi-circular external shape and with a leather finish.

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Blazon keywords: Azure, Or, Argent, Sable, One, Two, Arrow, Point upwards, In saltire, Between, In chief, Crescent, In base, Open book, Book, Page, Inscribed, Crest, Upon (wreath), Wreath, Bald eagle, Eagle, Rising, Wing, Addorsed, Proper and Motto.

Style keywords: Outlined in sable, Illuminated, Semi-circular and Leather.

Classification: Personal, Interpreted, Boa and Coat of arms.

Bearer: Romero, Reynaldo.

Quarterly: 1 and 4 Vert, a crescent within eight mullets in lozenge Or; 2 and 3 Azure, a chain fesswise throughout between three fleurs de lis, 2 and 1, all the links and fleurs de lis per pale Or and Argent; an inescutcheon Azure, bearing a crown of count, charged with an eagle displayed within a bordure Or.

Coat of arms emblazoned by me with a pointed shape, illuminated, and with a watercolor finishing.

G0067, Chief Herald of Malta's grant of Robert George Alexander Balchin's arms, whose coat of arms has been emblazoned by me.

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Blazon keywords: Quarterly, Vert, One, Crescent, Eight, Mullet, In lozenge, Or, Azure, Chain, Fesswise, Throughout, Between, Three, Fleur de lis, Ordered, Party per pale, Argent, Inescutcheon, Crest and mantling, Crown of Count, Crown, Charged, Eagle and Bordure.

Style keywords: Outlined in sable, Illuminated, Watercolor and Pointed.

Classification: Personal, Interpreted and Coat of arms.

Bearer: Balchin, Robert George Alexander.

George J. Armytage and John Paul Rylands, «Pedigrees Made at the Visitation of Cheshire, 1613, taken by Richard Saint George, Esq., Norroy King of Arms and Henry Saint George, Gent., Bluemantle Pursuivant of Arms; and some other contemporary pedigrees», edited by Sir George J. Armytage, Bart., F. S. A. and John Paul Rylands, Esq., F. S. A., published by Mitchell, Hughes & Clark, printed for The Record Society, London, 1909.

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[Goldstraw, M. S. J.; 2013b] is a color recreation of the coats of arms recorded in this book.

The coat of arms that illustrates this bibliographic reference is one of those recorded in this book, which contains only a few illustrations in black and white, and corresponds to the coat of arms of Fitton de Carden, Clutton y Chester.

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Bibliographical reference of century XX.

Authors: Armytage, George J. and Rylands, John Paul.

Bibliographical reference mentioned in the following article:

• Goldstraw, M. S. J.; 2013b