Leopard

Adrian Ailes, «The Origins of the Royal Arms of England: Their Development to 1199», foreword by Rodney Dennys, includes 27 black and white illustrations, Graduate Centre for Medieval Studies, Reading University, 126 pages, ISBN 07-049077-6-3, Reading, Berkshire, 1982.

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An article reviewing this book is: Brigitte Bedos Rezak, Archives nationales de Paris and Metropolitan Museum of Art, «The Origins of the Royal Arms of England, their Development to 1199 by Adrian Ailes», Speculum, volume 60, number 2, pages 373-376, Medieval Academy of America, Cambridge, Massachusetts, April of 1985.

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Bibliographical reference of century XX.

Author: Ailes, Adrian.

External resource:

• Google Books.

Vert, a pall raguly Or between three leopards' faces Or. Crest: Upon a wreath Or and Vert, on a coronet Or a leopard's face Or between two wings Sable. Motto: «Inter feros» in letters Sable within a scroll Argent.

Escudo de sinople, una perla ecotada de oro entre tres cabezas de leopardo de oro. Timbrado de un burelete de oro y sinople surmontado de una corona de oro surmontada de una cabeza de leopardo de oro acompañada de dos medios vuelos de sable. Lema: «Inter feros» de sable sobre una filacteria de plata.

Freehand finishing.

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Blazon keywords: Vert, One, Pall, Raguly, Or, Three, Head, Leopard, Crest, Wreath, Above, Crown, Between, Two, Wing, Sable and Motto (motivation).

Style keywords: Freehand, Pointed and Outlined in sable.

Classification: Coat of arms, Interpreted and Personal.

Bearer: Stowe, Richard Allen.

Edward IV King of England and Lord of Ireland, «The Armorial of Edward IV», «The Edward IV Roll», armorial in the form of a roll about 6 meters long, created to celebrate the coronation of Edward IV as the first King of England from the House of York and illustrated, probably, by different artists, 1461.

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The image illustrating this reference corresponds to the banner, which is number 27 in the 2^nd column, the final one of this armorial. This banner is held by a white deer, which was a personal badge of King Richard II of England, and also, two white deer were the supporters of his shield. The reason for the inclusion of this white deer might be to contribute to the legitimization of Edward IV as king.

It is notable that in row 25 of the 2^nd column of this armorial there is a banner with the arms of the shield of Castilla y León, probably because Edward IV, like his predecessors, claimed their throne. In this version of the shield of Castilla y León:

• The two gold castles, in the 1^st and 4^th quarters of gules, have three towers with the central one taller like the Castilian, but the twin side towers seem to be connected by the wall as in the English castle, [Valero de Bernabé, L.; 2009a; page 2] and [Valero de Bernabé, L.; 2009b; page 33], the wall has a door that is enameled in azure as in the Castilian.
• The two lions, in the 2^nd and 3^rd quarters of silver, seem to be gold, therefore, of «metal on metal» and, furthermore, very different from the purple lion of Castilla y León, it could well be an error by the artist or a degradation of an original purple enamel to ochre, as explained in the pendón de Castilla y León.

This shield of Castilla y León also appears:

• On the banner in row 27 of the 1^st column of this armorial. In this banner, they are combined with the arms of England represented in this article, in a new quartered, under an escutcheon with the imaginary arms of «Brutus of Troy», the also imaginary founder and king of Britain.
• On the caparison of the horse that Edward IV rides in the portrait at the beginning of his armorial. This caparison is a reproduction of the previous banner in row 27 of the 1^st column that combined the arms of England with those of Castilla y León. The presence of these arms in this initial portrait of the armorial of Edward IV denotes the importance he gave to his aspirations to the crown of Castilla y León.

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Bibliographical reference of century XV.

The author is Edward IV of England.

External resources:

• Free Library: Edward.
• Free Library: Banners.
• The Edward IV Roll.
• Brutus of Troy.

Cecil Humphery-Smith, FHS - Fellow of The Heraldry Society, «Why three Leopards?», Coat of Arms, COA, An Heraldic Quarterly Magazine, issue 126, The Heraldry Society, Baldock, Hertfordshire, summer of 1983.

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The coat of arms illustrating this bibliographic reference is that of the Kingdom of England, which was also that of the queen of Castile Leonor Plantagenet.

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Bibliographical reference of century XX.

The author is Humphery-Smith, Cecil.

External link:

• The Heraldry Society.

Internal resources: HumpherySmithC1983.3Leopards.docx.

Arnold Rabbow, «The Origin of the Royal Arms of England - a European Connection», Coat of Arms, COA, An Heraldic Quarterly Magazine, número 186, The Heraldry Society, Baldock, Hertfordshire, verano de 1999.

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This bibliographical reference is illustrated wit the coat of arms of the Kingdom of England interpreted by me with the with a semi-circle shape.

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Bibliographical reference of century XX.

The author is Rabbow, Arnold.

External link:

• The Heraldry Society.

Internal resources: RabbowA1999.OriginRoyalArmsEnglandEuropeanConnection.docx.

Gules, three Leopards faces Or, the whole within a Border Or with two Bars Gules. Crest: A crest coronet proper. Mantle: Gules doubled Erminois.

Freehand finishing

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Blazon keywords: Gules, Three, Head, Leopard, Or, Ordered, Bordure, Two, Bar, Crest, Crown of Prince, Crown, Open, Mantle, Erminois and Sable.

Style keywords: Freehand, Pointed, Illuminated and Outlined in sable.

Classification: Coat of arms, Interpreted and Personal.

Bearer: Juchter van Bergen Quast, Rudolph Andries Ulrich.

The coat of arms of The Heraldry Society emblazoned by me in 4 steps: 1) ratios, 2) delineation, 3) plain tincture, and 4) lights and shadows. Blazon: Quarterly Azure and Gules; overall a leopard face, crowned Or, langued Gules, within a tressure flory Or.

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Blazon keywords: Quarterly, Azure, Gules, Overall, Head, Leopard, Crowned, Or, Langued, Within, Tressure and Flory.

Style keywords: Pointed, Illuminated, Outlined in sable, Shaded and Freehand.

Classification: Interpreted, Socioeconomic, Coat of arms and Schema.

Bearer: The Heraldry Society.

The Heraldry Society, «Education Pack, A brief explanation of Heraldry for teachers together with explanatory sheets and templates for students», Baldock, Hertfordshire, 2013.

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This bibliographical reference is illustrated with the quartered coat of arms of The Heraldry Society.

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Bibliographical reference of century XXI.

The author is The Heraldry Society.

The following article cites this bibliographic reference:

• Drawing the arcs of a pointed coat of arms

External resource:

• The Heraldry Society.

Internal resources: TheHeraldrySociety2013.EducationPack.pdf.