Port and windows

Category: Port and windows.

Gules, on a trimount issuant from the base Or, a port Gules, with canopy roof, jambs, enarched lintel, and two open leaves, upon a three-step stairway Oro.

Escudo de gules, un monte de tres peñas moviente de la punta sumado de una puerta con tejadillo, jambas, dintel arqueado, dos hojas abiertas sostenida de una escalinata de tres peldaños todo de oro, aclarada de gules.

Coat of arms painted by me, illuminated with lights and shadows, outlined in Sable, with an ogee external shape and with a freehand finish.

Coat of arms of Albrecht Dürer, 1471-1528, emblazoned by me based on the woodcut titled «Coat of Arms of Albrecht Dürer» made by Albrecht Dürer himself in 1523 on a sheet measuring 35.1 × 26.1 cm belonging to The Elisha Whittelsey Collection, The Elisha Whittelsey Fund, 1952, held at the Metropolitan Museum of New York, and on the work titled «Marriage Coat of Arms of the Families Duerer and Holper. Verso of the Albrecht Dürer the Elder portrait», dated 1490; Albrecht Dürer the Elder, 1427–1502, was his father.

Design rationale

The Dürer family coat of arms is an example of canting arms. Their family origin traces back to Ajtós, Hungary, a name which means «door» or «doorman» in Hungarian. Upon settling in Nuremberg, the family Germanized their surname to «Türer», derived from «Tür», meaning «door», and later to Dürer. This is the reason of the main charge of these arms.

Blazon keywords: Gules, One, Two, Three, On, Trimount, Issuant from base, Port, Canopy roof, Arched, Enarched, Upon, Step, Stairway and Port and windows.

Style keywords: Outlined in sable, Illuminated, Ogee and Freehand.

Classification: Personal, Lineage, Interpreted, Boa and Coat of arms.

Bearer: Albrecht Dürer.

Born on November 11, 1155, in Soria and died on October 6, 1214, in Gutierre-Muñoz, Avila.

Gules, a castle triple towered Or, port and windows Azure, masoned Sable.

Escudo de gules, un castillo de oro, aclarado de azur, mazonado de sable.

Existing arms interpreted by me as follows: the shield’s shape is pointed and rounded; the field has been enameled Gules; the castle is outlined, illuminated, and shaded; the whole composition features a heavily hammered metal finish.

This ancient coat of arms of Castile can be consulted, among other sources, in [Argote de Molina, G.; 1588; chapter XLII].

Blazon keywords: Without divisions, Gules, Or, Azure, Sable, One, Castle, Port and windows and Masoned.

Style keywords: Ogee, Illuminated, Shaded, Outlined in sable and Hard metal.

Classification: Interpreted, Personal, Coat of arms and Kingdom of Castile.

Bearer: Alfonso VIII of Castile.

Known as the Wise, King of Castile and Leon from 1252 to 1284.

Escudo cuartelado: 1^o y 4^o de gules, un castillo de oro, aclarado de azur, mazonado de sable; 2^o y 3^o de plata, un león rampante de púrpura, armado y lampasado de gules.

Quarterly: 1 and 4 Gules, a castle triple towered Or, port and windows Azure, masoned Sable; 2 and 3 Argent, a lion rampant Purpure, armed and langued Gules.

Armories of the Wise King of Castile interpreted by me with the following characteristics: the external shape of the coat of arms ends in an ogee arch; the field, the 2 castles, and the 2 lions are outlined and enameled in flat colors; and the texture seems fabric.

This coat of arms, but with a pointed external shape, can be seen in the 2^nd part of the so-called armorial [Wijnbergen; 1265; cuat of arms number 1,289], with the title «Le roy Despaingne», which in this context is understood to refer to Castilla y León.

The 2^nd part of this armorial was made between 1270 and 1285 and, being Alphonse X king of Castile and Leon from 1252 to 1284, it is to Him that the title «Le roy Despaingne» seems to refer.

Blazon keywords: Quarterly, Gules, Or, Azure, Sable, One, Castle, Port and windows, Masoned, Argent, Purpure, Lion, Rampant, Armed and Langued.

Style keywords: Ogee, Plain tincture, Outlined in sable and Fabric.

Classification: Interpreted, Personal, Coat of arms and Kingdom of Castile and Leon.

Bearer: Alphonse X of Castile.

Quarterly: 1 and 4 Gules, a castle triple-towered Or, port and windows Azure, and masoned Sable; 2 and 3 Argent, a lion rampant Purpure, armed and langued Gules; a bordure compony of sixteen sections: eight Gules, a castle triple-towered Or, port and windows Azure, and masoned Sable, eight Or, an eagle displayed Sable.

Escudo cuartelado: 1^o y 4^o de gules, un castillo de oro, aclarado de azur, mazonado de sable; 2^o y 3^o de plata, un león rampante de púrpura, armado y lampasado de gules; una bordura componada de dieciseis compones: ocho de gules, un castillo de oro, aclarado de azur, mazonado de sable, ocho de oro, un águila de sable.

Coat of arms emblazoned by me, illuminated with lights and shadows, contoured in Sable, with an ogee outer contour and with a freehand finishing.

Coat of arms of the Infanta Berenguela of Castile, 1228–1279, 5^th daughter of the King Ferdinand III of Castile, 1199-1252, and the Queen Beatrice of Swabia, 1205–1235. There are discrepancies regarding the year of her death, with sources suggesting either 1279 or 1288. She bore her father's arms with a bordure compony featuring the arms of Castile and those of her mother, from Swabia. [Menéndez Pidal de Navascués, F.; 1982; page 104 and illustration between pages 112 and 113] writes «We know of a seal of this infanta that displays in the field the royal quarterly, surrounded like a bordure by 4 castles and 4 eagles, alternating», and in the illustration he depicts the bordure with 8 castles and 8 eagles, which is the version I have interpreted. I am particularly fond of compony arms, and this one is, to me, among the most beautiful and quintessentially Castilian.

Blazon keywords: Gules, Or, Azure, Sable, Argent, Purpure, One, Sixteen, Eight, Quarterly, Castle, Triple-towered, Port and windows, Masoned, Lion, Rampant, Armed, Langued, Bordure, Compony and Eagle.

Style keywords: Outlined in sable, Illuminated, Ogee and Freehand.

Classification: Personal, Kingdom of Castile and Leon, Interpreted, Boa and Coat of arms.

Bearer: Berenguela of Castile, Infanta.

Queen of Castile during the year 1217 and queen consort of León from 1197 to 1204.

Gules, a castle triple towered Or, port and windows Azure, masoned Sable. Crest: An open royal crown Or.

Escudo de gules, un castillo de oro, aclarado de azur, mazonado de sable. Timbrado de una corona real abierta.

Arms of the Queen, as interpreted by me as follows: the shield's shape is finished with a rounded arch; both the field, the castle, and the crown have been illuminated; the castle and the crown are outlined; and the whole composition features a hammered metal finish.

Blazon keywords: Without divisions, Gules, Or, Azure, Sable, One, Castle, Port and windows, Masoned, Crest, Open royal crown and Crown.

Style keywords: Semi-circular, Illuminated, Outlined in sable and Metal beaten.

Classification: Interpreted, Personal, Coat of arms and Kingdom of Castile.

Bearer: Berenguela of Castile.

Quarterly: 1 Azure, a lion rampant Or; 2 Argent, a falcon rising, grasping in its paws a serpent Sable; 3 Or, a tower Azure, port, windows, and masoned Sable; 4 Gules, a fox passant Or; a chief Gules semé of mullets Argent.

Escudo cuartelado: 1^o de azur, un león rampante de oro; 2^o de plata, un halcón azorado, teniendo en sus garras una sierpe ambos de sable; 3^o de oro, una torre de azur, aclarada y mazonada de sable; 4^o de gules, un zorro pasante de oro; un jefe de gules sembrado de estrellas de cinco puntas de plata.

Coat of arms emblazoned by me with a shape ended with an ogee arch, illuminated, and its finishing is that seems watercolor.

Blazon keywords: Quarterly, Azure, One, Lion, Rampant, Or, Argent, Falcon, Rising, Grasping, Claw, Serpent, Sable, Tower, Port and windows, Masoned, Gules, Fox, Passant, Chief, Semé, Mullet, Five and Base (lower 1/3).

Style keywords: Ogee, Outlined in sable, Illuminated and Watercolor.

Classification: Personal, Interpreted and Coat of arms.

Bearer: Bessières, Jean-Baptiste.

Quarterly: 1 Azure semé of fleurs de lis Or; 2 and 3 Gules, a castle triple towered Or, the port and windows Azure, masoned Sable; 4 Argent, a lion rampant Purpure, armed and langued Gules, crowned Or.

Escudo cuartelado: 1^o de azur sembrado de flores de lis de oro; 2^o y 3^o de gules, un castillo de oro, aclarado de azur, mazonado de sable; 4^o de plata, un león rampante de púrpura, armado y lampasado de gules, coronado de oro.

Blazon keywords: Quarterly, Azure, Semé, Fleur de lis, Or, Gules, Castle, Port and windows, Masoned, Sable, Argent, Lion, Purpure, Rampant, Armed, Langued, Crown and Crowned.

Style keywords: Semi-circular, Illuminated, Outlined in sable and Soft metal.

Classification: Interpreted, Personal, Army and Navy and Kingdom of France.

Bearer: Cerda, Carlos de la.

Quarterly: 1 and 4 Gules, a castle triple towered Or, port and windows Azure, masoned Sable; 2 and 3 Argent, a lion rampant Purpure, armed and langued Gules, crowned Or. Crest: An open royal crown Or.

Escudo cuartelado: 1^o y 4^o de gules, un castillo de oro, aclarado de azur, mazonado de sable; 2^o y 3^o de plata, un león rampante de púrpura, armado y lampasado de gules, coronado de oro. Timbrado de una corona real abierta.

Arms of the Kingdom of Castile and León created by me as follows: the shield of arms has a rounded (semicircular) base; the quarters are illuminated in flat tinctures Argent and Gules; the castles, lions and crown are illuminated; the lion and its crown are outlined in the colour of the field; the open royal crown; the royal Castilian castle is masoned, that is, outlined in Sable; the whole has an iridescent finish; and the owner, the shield and its blazon are framed within a border representing the arms of the Kingdom, this frame resulting from the combination of 76 small castles and 2 large ones at the corners with 76 small crowned lions and 2 large lions at the other corners;

In the armorial [Urfé; 15^th century; page VIII of the index and page 140 of the contents], reference is made to and the arms of Castile and its kings are blazoned in French, describing its castle and its purple lion crowned Or and rampant.

Blazon keywords: Quarterly, Gules, Or, Azure, Sable, One, Castle, Port and windows, Masoned, Argent, Purpure, Lion, Rampant, Armed, Langued, Crowned, Crest, Open royal crown and Crown.

Style keywords: Rounded, Illuminated and Iridescent.

Classification: Interpreted, Civic, Frame, Kingdom of Castile and Leon and Canting.

Bearer: Castile and León.

A Castle Or, triple towered, embattled, port and windows Azure, and masoned Sable.

Un castillo de oro, aclarado de azur, mazonado de sable.

Some of the characteristics of the Castilian castle are specified in the coat of arms in English, for example, «triple towered, embattled», but they are omitted in the Spanish blason, because the Spanish blason considered that the Castilian castle can not be otherwise. These local characteristics, that decades ago were not necessary to specify, could begin to have to be in this global and interconnected heraldic world. [Valero de Bernabé, L.; 2009a] describe the different characteristics between the Castilian, the French, and the English castles among others.

Blazon keywords: Castle, Or, Port and windows, Azure, Masoned and Sable.

Style keywords: Freehand.

Classification: Schema.

Key Characteristics in Castilian Heraldry

Some of the main characteristics of the heraldry of Castile are:

• the rounded shapes, with a semicircle at the base,
• the importance of bordures,
• the inclusion of words and also letters in the coat of arms,
• the 2^nd most common animal, after the lion, is the wolf [Valero de Bernabé, L.; 2010], and, of course,
• our castle triple-towered Or, port and windows Azure, masoned Sable [Valero de Bernabé, L.; 2009a].

The following image shows 4 examples of coats of arms, each of which has some of these characteristics, including one Castilian castle.

Comparing Castilian and English Heraldry

In the United Kingdom, there are several heraldic traditions, one of them being English heraldry.

In the Kingdom of Spain, there are several heraldic traditions, for example, the Castilian tradition.

In my humble opinion, we should compare at the same level, English heraldry with, for example, Castilian heraldry, but not with all Spanish heraldry. We shouldn't do it for the same reason we don't mix Scottish heraldic tradition with English, as they are so different.

In the case of Castilian heraldry, the 8 main differences with English heraldry are:

• The rounded shapes, with a semicircle at the base.
• The importance of bordures and the existence of the diminished bordure, called in Castilian «filiera».
• The inclusion of words and also letters in the coats of arms.
• The wolf is the 2^nd most common animal, after the lion.
• The castle, triple-towered, which is different from the English and French types of castles.
• We can inherit arms from our mother and/or father; for example, the castle in the 1^st quarter of the coat of arms of Castile and the coat of arms of Spain comes from a mother, Queen Berenguela of Castile, mother of King Fernando III, the Saint.
• There are 3 kinds of supporters with their owns heraldic names: «tenantes», human forms; «soportes», animals; and «sostenes», plants and things.
• Our quarterings do not necessarily mean that the arms are marshalled by inheritance. [Williams, N.; 2017; page 135, paragraph 26.02] describing the arms of Éamon de Valera, 1882-1975, President of Ireland, writes «Those arms are Spanish in appearance. The quartering without functions as a means of marshalling, is distinctively Iberian».

Categories: Criterion, Semi-circular, Bordure, Letter, Lion, Wolf, Castle, Triple-towered, Port and windows, Masoned, Or, Azure, Sable, Diminished bordure, Quarterly, Supporter (human form), Supporter, Supporter (animal) and Supporter (thing).

Party per pale: 1 Gules, a castle triple-towered Or, port and windows Azure, and masoned Sable; 2 Argent, a lion rampant Gules, crowned Or.

Coat of arms (1984-1997 and 1997-2002) of the former Central Military Region, where I serve. I interpreted now this coat of arms with a pointed shape. This kind of shape for this coat of arms are not usual.

Blazon keywords: Party per pale, Gules, One, Castle, Or, Port and windows, Azure, Masoned, Sable, Argent, Lion, Rampant and Crowned.

Style keywords: Pointed, Illuminated, Outlined in sable and Metal beaten.

Classification: Interpreted, Military, Army and Navy, Coat of arms and Kingdom of Castile and Leon.

Bearer: Central Military Region.

Party per pale: 1 Gules, a castle triple-towered Or, port and windows Azure, masoned Sable; 2 Argent. Crest: A closed royal crown Or.

Coat of arms emblazoned by me, highlighted with lights and shadows, contoured in Sable, with an ogee external shape and with a freehand finishing.

Design rationale

The coat of arms of Castilla-La Mancha was adopted in 1983, it is a recent design. This coat of arms is equal to the flag of Castilla-La Mancha officially approved in 1980 and designed by Ramón José Maldonado y Cocat. The 1^st quarter represents Castilla and the 2^nd quarter the great plane of La Mancha.

Blazon keywords: Gules, Argent, Or, Azure, Sable, One, Party per pale, Castle, Triple-towered, Port and windows, Masoned, Crest, Closed royal crown and Crown.

Style keywords: Outlined in sable, Illuminated, Ogee and Freehand.

Classification: Civic, Interpreted, Design rationale, Boa and Coat of arms.

Bearer: Castilla-La Mancha.

Party per pale: 1 Gules, in base a castle triple-towered Or, port and windows Azure, and masoned Sable; 2 Argent, in base a lion rampant Gules, crowned Or; overall a psi letter sable; a diminished bordure Or. Crest: A closed royal crown.

Coat of arms emblazoned by me, illuminated with lights and shadows, outlined in Sable, with a semi-circular external shape and with a texturized finishing.

Coat of arms of Crepsi, designed by my lieutenant colonel and friend Miguel Angel Nuñez Amador and emblazoned by me.

Blazon keywords: Gules, Argent, Or, Azure, Sable, Party per pale, In base, Castle, Triple-towered, Port and windows, Masoned, Lion, Rampant, Crowned, Overall, Letter, Diminished bordure, Closed royal crown and Crown.

Style keywords: Outlined in sable, Illuminated and Semi-circular.

Classification: Military, Interpreted, Boa and Coat of arms.

Bearer: Crepsi.

Party per pale: 1 Or, a Georgian dancer proper; 2 Gules, a church Or, ports and windows Azure. Crest: A crown of Baron.

Coat of arms emblazoned by me, highlighted with lights and shadows, outlined in Sable, with an ogee external shape and with a watercolor finishing.

Coat of arms of Graziano Alu designed by Angelo Musa and emblazoned by me. The blazon in Italian is «Arma: Partito: 1^o d'oro, un ballerino georgiano al naturale; 2^o di rosso, una chiesa d'oro, finestrata e portata d'azzurro. Cimiero: Una corona di barone».

Blazon keywords: Or, Gules, Azure, One, Party per fess, Male figure, Proper, Church, Port and windows, Crest, Crown of Baron and Crown.

Style keywords: Outlined in sable, Illuminated, Ogee and Watercolor.

Classification: Personal, Interpreted, Boa and Coat of arms.

Bearer: Alu, Graziano.

Argent, a cross Gules; a bordure compony of fifteen sections: 1, 6, and 11 Argent, a pomegranate seeded, slipped and leaved proper; 2, 7, and 12 Or, an eagle displayed Sable; 3, 8, and 13 Gules, a castle triple-towered Or, port and windows Gules, masoned Sable; 4, 9, and 14 Argent, a lion rampant Gules, crowned Or; 5, 10, and 15 Or, four pallets Gules. Crest: A closed royal crown.

Coat of arms interpreted by me, illuminated with lights and shadows, contoured in Sable, with a semi-circular external shape and with a metal beaten finishing.

Coat of arms of the city of Almeria, Andalusia, emblazoned by me. The island of Alboran is geographically part of Africa, but politically it belongs to the city of Almeria. As a result, Almeria is one of the few cities in the world that spans two continents: Europe and Africa.

Blazon keywords: Argent, Gules, Or, Sable, Vert, One, Four, Fifteen, Cross, Bordure, Compony, Pomegranate, Slipped, Leaved, Proper, Eagle, Castle, Triple-towered, Port and windows, Masoned, Lion, Rampant, Crowned, Pallet, Closed royal crown and Crown.

Style keywords: Outlined in sable, Illuminated, Semi-circular and Metal beaten.

Classification: Civic, Interpreted, Boa and Coat of arms.

Bearer: Almeria, city of.

Azure, a plough share points downward Argent between, on a base enarched Vert, two bell towers Argent, port and window Sable.

Escudo de azur, una reja de arado bajada de plata acompañada de dos campanarios de plata, aclarados de sable, terrazados de sinople.

Coat of arms emblazoned by me with a shape endend with an ogee arch, illuminated, and with a freehand finishing.

Csernely is a village in Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén county in Hungary.

The official description, not the blazon, is: «...in the blue field of a shield standing on its snout two silver-coloured church towers with onion-shaped cupolas and crosses on their peaks are rising on a green hill. Between them a silver ploughshare is floating with its point upside down...».

The official description use the word «hagymakupolás» in Hungarian. The official text is «Csernely címere: Csücsköstalpú pajzs kék mezejében zöld halmon két ezüst színu, hagymakupolás templomtorony emelkedik, ...», but the cupolas painted by them do not seem the classic «onion-shaped cupolas».

Notice the mount color Vert over a field color Azure, not uncommon in this heraldic tradition.

Blazon keywords: Azure, One, Plough share, Point downwards, Argent, Between, Two, Bell tower, Port and windows, Sable, Terrace in base and Vert.

Style keywords: Ogee, Outlined in sable, Freehand and Illuminated.

Classification: Civic, Interpreted and Coat of arms.

Bearer: Csernely.

Banner quarterly of sixteen: 1, 6, 11, and 16 Azure, three fleurs de lis Or; 2, 5, 12, and 15 Gules, three lions, passant, guardant, in pale Or, armed and langued Azure; 3, 8, 9, and 14 Gules, a castle triple towered Or, port and windows Azure, masoned Sable; 4, 7, 10, and 13 Argent, a lion rampant Purpure, armed and langued Gules, crowned Or.

Pendón cuartelado de dieciseis: 1^o, 6^o, 11^o y 16^o de azur, tres flores de lis de oro; 2^o, 5^o, 12^o y 15^o de gules, tres leopardos en palo de oro, armados y lampasados de azur; 3^o, 8^o, 9^o y 14^o de gules, un castillo de oro, aclarado de azur, mazonado de sable; 4^o, 7^o, 10^o y 13^o de plata, un león rampante de púrpura, armado y lampasado de gules, coronado de oro.

Banner interpreted by me as follows: its shape preserves the 5x6 proportions of a shield; the field is enamelled with flat tinctures Gules and Azure; the castles, fleurs-de-lis, and leopards are outlined in Sable; but the lions are outlined in their field; and the finish of the banner is watercoloured.

I have interpreted it from a simplification of the banner appearing in [Edward IV of England; 1461; row 27, 1^st column, final banner], which reflects Edward IV’s aspirations to the throne of Castile and León. In that armorial, this banner is held by a «White Lion of March», which was the personal badge of Edward IV.

Blazon keywords: Quarterly, Azure, Or, Three, Fleur de lis, Ordered, Gules, Leopard, Armed, Langued, In pale, Sable, One, Castle, Port and windows, Masoned, Argent, Purpure, Lion, Rampant and Crowned.

Style keywords: Rectangular, Illuminated, Outlined in sable, Outlined in the field tincture and Watercolor.

Classification: Interpreted, Personal, Flag, Banner of arms, Kingdom of England and House of York.

Bearer: Edward IV of England.

Azure, two trunks of a tree raguly, couped at random, in saltire Argent; a bordure compony of sixteen sections, eight sable charged with a castle triple-towered Or, port, windows, and masoned Sable, and eight Argent

Escudo de azur, dos troncos ecotados, nudosos, en sotuer de plata; una bordura componada de dieciseis compones: ocho de sable cargados de un castillo de oro, aclarado y mazonado de sable, y ocho de plata

Illuminated and a leather finishing.

Blazon keywords: Without divisions, Azure, Two, Trunk, Raguly, In saltire, Argent, One, Bordure, Compony, Sixteen, Section, Eight, Sable, Charged, Castle, Or, Port and windows and Masoned.

Style keywords: Leather, Outlined in sable, Illuminated and Semi-circular.

Classification: Personal and Interpreted.

Bearer: Espinosa, Diego.

Quarterly: 1 Argent, an oak eradicated Vert, fructed Or; 2 Azure, a tower with a turret Or, port and windows Azure, masoned Sable; 3 Azure, a hound passant Argent, spotted Sable; 4 Argent, a cross Gules. Crest: Upon a helm with a wreath Argent and Azure, five ostrich feathers alternately Azure and Argent. Mantling: Azure doubled Argent. Motto: «Ut Ferrum Fortes» Sable, with initial letters Gules, over a scroll Argent.

Coat of arms of the family Simon-Faus. The image combines a photograph of their arms crafted in metalwork by a specialist with my original painting that served as the model for it.

Blazon keywords: Argent, Vert, Or, Azure, Sable, Gules, One, Five, Quarterly, Oak, Tree, Eradicated, Fructed, With a turret, Port and windows, Masoned, Dog, Passant, Spotted, Cross, Crest and mantling, Crest, Upon (wreath), Helm, Wreath, Ostrich feathers, Alternately, Mantling and Motto.

Style keywords: Outlined in sable, Illuminated, Ogee and Metal beaten.

Classification: Personal, Created, Boa, Carved wood, Collage and Photographic.

Bearer: Simon-Faus, family.

Publication of my interpretation of the arms of His Majesty King Felipe VI on the blog Twelve Lineages of Soria in an article entitled The heraldic artist Dr. Antonio Salmerón Cabañas receives the recognition and gratitude of H.M. Felipe VI for his interpretation of the royal arms based on the golden ratio and, later, in another article entitled The eminent heraldist Mr. Antonio Salmerón Cabañas interprets the arms of H.M. King Felipe VI.

Categories: Link, Or, Four, Pale, Gules, Azure, Sable, One, Castle, Port and windows, Masoned, Argent, Purpure, Lion, Rampant, Armed, Langued, Crowned, Chain, Orlewise, Crosswise, Saltirewise, Charged, In the fess point, Emerald, Vert, Closed royal crown, Crown, Inescutcheon, Fleur de lis, Bordure, Enté en point, Pomegranate, Proper, Seeded (pomegranate), Slipped and Leaved.

Root: Twelve Lineages of Soria.

Son of Berenguela, Queen of Castile, and Alfonso IX, King of León.

Quarterly: 1 and 4 Gules, a castle triple towered Or, port and windows Azure, masoned Sable; 2 and 3 Argent, a lion rampant Purpure, armed and langued Gules.

Escudo cuartelado: 1^o y 4^o de gules, un castillo de oro, aclarado de azur, mazonado de sable; 2^o y 3^o de plata, un león rampante de púrpura, armado y lampasado de gules.

Arms of King Ferdinand III of Castile, as interpreted by me, with the following characteristics: the shield’s shape is rounded; the field, the two castles, and the two lions have been illuminated; and the whole composition features a watercolor finish.

It is with King Ferdinand III the Saint of Castile when «the emblematic system reaches its highest degree of perfection, acquiring two characteristics: realism, which becomes a hallmark of Spanish heraldry,... and the tendency to combine coats of arms» with the appearance of quarterly divisions replacing the cadency marks used in the rest of Europe [Valverde Ogallar, P. B.; 2001; page 100].

Shield in flat ink and illuminated metallic finish

Design of a heraldic document

Blazon keywords: Quarterly, Gules, Or, Azure, Sable, One, Castle, Port and windows, Masoned, Argent, Purpure, Lion, Rampant, Armed and Langued.

Style keywords: Semi-circular, Illuminated and Watercolor.

Classification: Interpreted, Personal, Coat of arms and Kingdom of Castile and Leon.

Bearer: Ferdinand III of Castile.

Ermine, a lion rampant double queued Or, armed and langued Gules; a chief Gules, three castles triple-towered Or, port and windows Azure, masoned Sable.

Escudo de armiños, un león rampante de cola horquillada de oro, armado y lampasado de gules; un jefe de gules, tres castillos de oro, aclarados de azur, mazonados de sable.

Coat of arms emblazoned by me with a heater shape that I call pointed, illuminated, and its finishing is that seems watercolor.

Blazon keywords: Without divisions, Ermine, One, Lion, Rampant, Tail, Double queued, Or, Armed, Langued, Gules, Chief, Three, Castle, Port and windows, Azure, Masoned and Sable.

Style keywords: Pointed, Outlined in sable, Illuminated and Watercolor.

Classification: Personal, Interpreted and Coat of arms.

Bearer: González Lara, Rubén.

I also had a heraldic wall in Google+ the social network created and closed by Google. Google + taught us that we should not put all our efforts into a single social network.

Categories: Technology, Social networks, Tower, Ordered, Or, Port and windows and Azure.

Quarterly: 1 and 4 Gules, a castle triple-towered Or, port and windows Azure, and masoned Sable; 2 and 3 Argent, a cross flory Purpure.

Escudo cuartelado: 1^o y 4^o de gules, un castillo de oro, aclarado de azur, mazonado de sable; 2^o y 3^o de plata, una cruz flordelisada de púrpura.

Arms depicted by me, highlighted with lights and shadows, outlined in Sable, with an ogee external shape and with a freehand finishing.

Coat of arms of the Infante Henry of Castile, 1230–1303, 6^th offspring of the King Ferdinand III of Castile, 1199-1252, and the Queen Beatrice of Swabia, 1205–1235. He bore his father's arms, replacing the lion Purpure of the Kingdom of León with a cross flory Purpure, likely due to his close association with the Order of Calatrava, whose emblem is a cross flory Gules. However, he retained the metal Argent field in the 2^nd and 3^rd quarters and the lion's purple color, suggesting this was more of a conceptual change than a quartering by alliance with the Order of Calatrava.

Blazon keywords: Gules, Or, Azure, Sable, Argent, Purpure, One, Quarterly, Castle, Triple-towered, Port and windows, Masoned, Cross flory and Cross couped.

Style keywords: Outlined in sable, Illuminated, Ogee and Freehand.

Classification: Personal, Kingdom of Castile and Leon, Interpreted, Boa and Coat of arms.

Bearer: Henry of Castile, Infante.

In Castile, a coat of arms quarterly does not necessarily signify inheritance. This schema illustrates two practices: a) Quarterings can represent the mother in the 1^st and 4^th quarters and the father in the 2^nd and 3^rd, highlighting the prominence given to the maternal line by placing it in the most visible quarters. b) Quarterings can also include personal symbols and concepts, like canting arms, for example, «Manuel» =«mano» + «ala» = «hand» + «wing», combined with ancestral arms. This flexibility reflects Castilian heraldic traditions, where arms are not strictly marshalled by inheritance. The inclusion of maternal arms in the 1^st and 4^th quarters highlights how Castilian heraldry often elevates maternal heritage, differing from some other heraldic traditions. The previous commentary emphasizes the creative freedom in Castile, where quartering could incorporate personal symbols or canting arms without the constraints of inheritance or dominium. This flexibility aligns with Castilian culture, allowing heraldry to reflect personal identity, not just dynastic ties. Notably, the arms of Infante Enrique's use of a cross flory demonstrates this creative freedom, showcasing the ability to innovate within heraldry even in royal contexts. While this might seem unconventional compared to other heraldic systems, it is deeply rooted in Castilian tradition. All coats of arms in this schema have been emblazoned by me.

Blazon keywords: Argent, Purpure, Gules, Or, Azure, Sable, One, Quarterly, Lion, Rampant, Armed, Langued, Castle, Triple-towered, Port and windows, Masoned, Bordure, Compony, Eagle, Cross flory, Cross couped, Party per pale, Hand, Arm, Vambraced, Embowed, Winged, Sword, Point upwards and Hilted.

Style keywords: Outlined in sable, Illuminated and Ogee.

Classification: Personal, Kingdom of Castile and Leon, Interpreted, Design rationale, Schema, Boa and Coat of arms.

Bearer: Manuel of Castile, Infante.

The Commoners' Certification of Arms for Manel Gonzalez Lopez with his coat of arms emblazoned by me.

Quarterly: 1 and 4 Gules, a Castle triple towered Or, port, windows and masoned Sable; 2 and 3 Or, thirteen Torteaus, three, three, three, three, and one.

Blazon keywords: Quarterly, Gules, One, Castle, Or, Port and windows, Masoned, Sable, Thirteen and Torteau.

Style keywords: Ogee, Freehand and Outlined in sable.

Classification: Interpreted, Personal, Certification and Heraldic document.

Bearer: González López, Manel.

This is the coat of arms of Jose Manuel Gutierrez Benitez designed by him and me and emblazoned by me, with the blazon written in English and Castilian in a structured way to observe the parallelism between both forms.

Azure, a chevron engrailed Or between three lozenges Argent, each charged with a fleur de lis Gules; a bordure compony of eight sections, four Vert each charged with a castle triple-towered Or, port and windows Azure, masoned Sable, and four Argent each charged with a bull's head caboshed Sable.

Escudo de azur, un cabrio angrelado de oro acompañado de tres losanges de plata, cada uno cargado de una flor de lis de gules; una bordura componada de ocho compones, cuatro de sinople, cargados cada uno de un castillo de oro, aclarado de azur, mazonado de sable, y cuatro de plata, cargados cada uno de un rencuentro de toro de sable.

Blazon keywords: Azure, Or, Argent, Gules, Vert, Sable, One, Three, Four, Eight, Chevron, Engrailed, Lozenge, Fleur de lis, Bordure, Compony, Castle, Triple-towered, Port and windows, Masoned, Bull, Head and Caboshed.

Style keywords: Outlined in sable, Illuminated, Semi-circular and Watercolor.

Classification: Personal, Created, Structured and parallel blazons, Boa and Coat of arms.

Bearer: Gutiérrez Benítez, Jose Manuel.

Azure, a castle triple-towered per pale Argent and Or, masoned Sable, port and windows Azure, between in chief two bars wavy Argent, in base two bars wavy Argent. Motto: «Fortificado por el Sol».

Escudo de azur, un castillo partido de plata y oro, mazonado de sable, aclarado de azur, acompañado en jefe de dos fajas ondadas de plata, y en en punta de dos fajas ondadas de plata. Lema: «Fortificado por el Sol».

Coat of arms devised by me, highlighted with lights and shadows, contoured in Sable, with a semi-circular external shape and with a leather finishing.

The arms of Kevin Larkin from Ireland and Spain, designed and emblazoned by me. In heraldry, the rule of tinctures states «no color on color, no metal on metal». This means a castle metal Argent cannot bear a castel metal Or as a charge. However, in this design, the castle is divided party per pale, vertically, into Argent and Or. This division allows both metals to coexist, as each metal occupies one side of the charge without violating the tincture rule. Similarly, in a party field, both quarters can be of the same type, either color or metal, making this design heraldically correct.

Blazon keywords: Azure, Argent, Or, One, Two, Castle, Triple-towered, Party per pale, Masoned, Port and windows, Between, In chief, Bar, Wavy, In base and Motto.

Style keywords: Outlined in sable, Illuminated, Semi-circular and Leather.

Classification: Personal, Created, Boa and Coat of arms.

Bearer: Larkin, Kevin.

Registered by The International Register of Arms, 16^th of June of 2022, Registration number 0640, Volume 4.

Categories: Armorial roll, Castle, Party per pale, Masoned, Port and windows, Between, In chief, In base, Fess, Wavy and Motto.

External resource:

• Kevin Larkin at The Armorial Register.

Root: The Armorial Register.

[ Gules, a castle triple towered Or, port and windows Azure, masoned Sable ] accolé with [ Gules, three lions, passant, guardant, in pale Or, armed and langued Azure ].

[ Escudo de gules, un castillo de oro, aclarado de azur, mazonado de sable ] acolado de un [ escudo de gules, tres leopardos en palo de oro, armados y lampasados de azur ].

Arms of the King and Queen of Castile interpreted with: the escutcheons' shapes pointed and rounded; the field of each shield, the castle, and the three leopards enamelled in flat tints of Gules and metal Or, with windows, claws, and tongues in Azure; and the whole composition finished with a raised line technique.

[Medél, R.; 1846; page 38] provides a heraldic description of the leopard.

Blazon keywords: Without divisions, Gules, Or, Azure, Three, Leopard, Armed, Langued, In pale, Sable, One, Castle, Port and windows and Masoned.

Style keywords: Ogee, Plain tincture, Outlined in sable, Tilted shield and Freehand.

Classification: Interpreted, Personal, Accolé arms, House of Plantagenet, Kingdom of England and Kingdom of Castile.

Bearer: Leonor Plantagenet.

Quarterly: 1 Gules, a castle triple-towered Or, port and windows Azure, masoned Sable [for Castile]; 2 Argent, a lion rampant Purple, armed and langued Gules, crowned Or [for Leon]; 3 Or, four pallets Gules [for Aragon]; 4 Gules, a chain orlewise, crosswise, and saltirewise Or, charged in the fess point with an emerald Vert [for Navarre]; enté en point Argent, a pomegranate proper, seeded Gules, slipped and leaved Vert [for Granada]; an inescutcheon Azure, three fleurs de lis Or, 2 and 1, a bordure Gules [for Bourbon]; the whole debruised by a label of three points Azure.

Escudo cuartelado: 1^o de gules, un castillo de oro, aclarado de azur, mazonado de sable [de Castilla]; 2^o de plata, un león rampante de púrpura, lampasado y armado de gules, coronado de oro [de León]; 3^o de oro, con cuatro palos de gules [de Aragón]; 4^o de gules, una cadena puesta en orla, en cruz y en sotuer de oro, cargada en el centro de una esmeralda de sinople [de Navarra]; entado en punta de plata, una granada al natural, tajada de gules, tallada y hojada de sinople [de Granada]; un escusón de azur, tres flores de lis de oro, 2 y 1, una bordura de gules [de Borbón]; brisado de un lambel de tres pendientes de azur.

Coat of arms painted by me, highlighted with lights and shadows, outlined in Sable, with a semi-circular external shape and with a freehand finish.

This is the coat of arms of Her Royal Highness Doña Leonor Princess of Asturias, Princess of Girona, and Princess of Viana, heiress of the throne of Spain as the elder daughter of King Felipe VI and Queen Letizia. This version of her coat of arms has been emblazoned by me.

Blazon keywords: Gules, Azure, Purpure, Vert, Or, Argent, One, Three, Four, Quarterly, Castle, Triple-towered, Port and windows, Masoned, Lion, Rampant, Crowned, Pallet, Chain, Orlewise, Crosswise, Saltirewise, Charged, In the fess point, Emerald, Enté en point, Pomegranate, Proper, Slipped, Leaved, Inescutcheon, Fleur de lis, Ordered, Bordure, Cadency and Label of three points.

Style keywords: Outlined in sable, Illuminated, Semi-circular and Freehand.

Classification: Personal, Kingdom of Spain, Interpreted, Boa and Coat of arms.

Bearer: Leonor Princess of Asturias.

Party per pale: 1 quarterly: 1 Azure, a lion rampant Or, 2 Argent, a falcon rising, grasping in its paws a serpent Sable, 3 Or, a tower Azure, port, windows, and masoned Sable, 4 Gules, a fox passant Or, a chief Gules semé of mullets Argent; 2 Orange, a mullet of six points voided, interlaced Sable. Crest: A crown of the Sovereign and Most Noble Order of the Pomegranate. The shield is surrounded by the Grand Collar of the Sovereign and Most Noble Order of the Pomegranate.

This is her coat of arms of emblazoned by me for the Roll of Arms of the Sovereign and Most Noble Order of the Pomegranate.

Blazon keywords: Party per pale, Quarterly, Azure, One, Lion, Rampant, Or, Argent, Falcon, Rising, Grasping, Claw, Serpent, Sable, Tower, Port and windows, Masoned, Gules, Fox, Passant, Chief, Semé, Mullet, Five, Base (lower 1/3), Orange, Six, Voided, Interlaced, Crest and mantling, Crown, Pomegranate, Surrounded and Grand collar.

Style keywords: Ogee, Outlined in sable, Illuminated and Leather.

Classification: Personal, Interpreted, Coat of arms, Armorial roll and Castilian language.

Bearer: Correa, Lorena.

Chequey of fifteen Or and Azure; a bordure compony of sixteen sections, eight gules, a castle triple-towered Or, port and windows Azure, masoned Sable, eight Argent, a lion rampant Purpure, crowned Or, armed and langued Gules.

Escudo ajedrezado de quince piezas de oro y azur; una bordura componada de dieciséis compones, ocho de gules, un castillo de oro, aclarado de azur, mazonado de sable, ocho de plata, un león rampante de púrpura, coronado de oro, armado y lampasado de gules.

Coat of arms emblazoned by me, highlighted with lights and shadows, outlined in Sable, with a semi-circular outer contour and with a watercolor finish.

Coat of arm of the municipality of Moguer, Andalusia, emblazoned by me.

Blazon keywords: Or, Azure, Gules, Argent, One, Fifteen, Sixteen, Eight, Chequey, Bordure, Compony, Section, Charged, Castle, Triple-towered, Port and windows, Masoned, Lion, Rampant, Crowned, Armed and Langued.

Style keywords: Outlined in sable, Illuminated, Semi-circular and Watercolor.

Classification: Civic, Interpreted, Boa and Coat of arms.

Bearer: Moguer, municipality of.

Or, four bell towers issuant from base Gules, windows Or. Motto around the shield: «Linaje Lanzagorta Otxoa · Catalunya · Barcelona» Sable over a scroll Argent.

Coat of arms painted by me, in plain tinctures, contoured in Sable, with a semi-circular external shape and with a texturized finishing.

Coat of arms of Alejandra Espeja Avieda, familiarly known as Sandra. This shield, surrounded by an annular scroll Argent inscribed in sable, has been designed byhas been designed by Juan Lanzagorta Vallín and emblazoned by me.

Blazon keywords: Or, Gules, Sable, Argent, Four, One, Bell tower, Issuant from base, Port and windows, Within, Motto (identification) and Scroll.

Style keywords: Outlined in sable, Plain tincture and Semi-circular.

Classification: Personal, Interpreted, Boa and Coat of arms.

Bearer: Espeja Avieda, Alejandra.

Azure, on four bars wavy Argent a barbel bendwise Or and a three arch bridge Or, masoned Sable, throughout, supporting a elm couped Argent leaved Or, between, in dexter a tower Or, port and windows Azure, mazoned Sable, and in sinister three escutcheon Or, 2 and 1.

Coat of arms designed by me, in flat tinctures, outlined in Sable, with a semi-circular outer contour and with a texturized finish.

The coat of arms of Pesquera de Ebro, Burgos, Castile and Leon, designed and emblazoned by me.

Blazon keywords: Argent, Or, Azure, Sable, One, Three, On, Bar, Wavy, Barbel, Bendwise, Bridge, Masoned, Throughout, Upon, Elm, Couped (tree), Leaved, Tower, Port and windows, Escutcheon and Ordered.

Style keywords: Outlined in sable, Plain tincture and Semi-circular.

Classification: Civic, Created, Boa and Coat of arms.

Bearer: Pesquera de Ebro.

Quarterly: 1 and 4 Gules, a castle triple-towered Or, port and windows Azure, and masoned Sable; 2 and 3 Or, an eagle displayed Sable.

Escudo cuartelado: 1^o y 4^o de gules, un castillo de oro, aclarado de azur, mazonado de sable; 2^o y 3^o de oro, un águila de sable.

Arms painted by me, illuminated with lights and shadows, outlined in Sable, with an ogee external shape and with a freehand finish.

Coat of arms of the Infante Philip of Castile, 1231–1274, 7^th offspring of the King Ferdinand III of Castile, 1199-1252, and the Queen Beatrice of Swabia, 1205–1235. This coat of arms has been emblazoned by me and can be consulted in [Messía de la Cerda y Pita, L.; 1990; page 146] with the field Or in the 2^nd and 3^rd quarters. He bears a quarterly shield combining the first quarter of his father’s arms, Castile, with his mother’s arms. Among all his siblings, he is the one who most closely combines the arms of both parents.

Blazon keywords: Gules, Or, Azure, Sable, One, Quarterly, Castle, Triple-towered, Port and windows, Masoned and Eagle.

Style keywords: Outlined in sable, Illuminated, Ogee and Freehand.

Classification: Personal, Kingdom of Castile and Leon, Interpreted, Boa and Coat of arms.

Bearer: Philip of Castile, Infante.

My heraldic Pixiv wall is Dr.A.Salmeron @antoniosheraldry and pixiv.me/antoniosheraldry.

Pixiv is a Japanese online community for artists. I post in Pixiv 2 or 3 coats of arms per week. They use a strict form to post with many mandatory input fields. This week, they have added a new mandatory field «AI-generated work: Yes / No», AI ~ Artificial Intelligence. In the image, I have highlighted this new field in red.

Categories: Technology, Social networks, Quarterly, Gules, One, Chevron, Argent, Between, Three, Fleur de lis, Or, Five, Mullet, In saltire, Four, Escutcheon, In cross, Azure, Charged, Nine, Bezant and plate, Two, Flank, Fesswise, Center, Overall, Carbuncle, Cord, In orle, Knotted, Purpure, Overall (all), Sable, Mount, Issuant from base, Vert, On, Tower, Port and windows, Masoned, Wolf, Supporting, Enté en point, Fess, Wavy, Crown of the Sovereign and Most Noble Order of the Pomegranate, Crown and Motto.

Blazon keywords: Argent, Purpure, Gules, Or, Azure, Party per pale, Castle, Lion, Port and windows, Masoned, Rampant, Armed, Langued, Crowned, Crest and mantling, Crown, Open royal crown, Behind the shield, Cross, Cross of Alcantara and Cross couped.

Style keywords: Semi-circular, Illuminated and Watercolor.

Classification: Interpreted, Civic, Coat of arms and Structured and parallel blazons.

Bearer: Cáceres, Province of.

Party per fess Azure and Sable, overall a four-towered castle Or, port and windows Sable.

Escudo cortado de azur y sable, brochante sobre la partición un castillo de cuatro torres de oro, aclarado de sable.

Coat of arms painted by me, highlighted with lights and shadows, contoured in Sable, with an ogee triple-pointed outer contour and with a leather finishing.

One of the ancient arms of the Rawson lineage emblazoned by me.

Blazon keywords: Azure, Sable, Or, One, Party per fess, Overall, Four-towered, Castle and Port and windows.

Style keywords: Outlined in sable, Illuminated, Ogee Triple-Pointed and Leather.

Classification: Personal, Lineage, Interpreted, Boa and Coat of arms.

Bearer: Rawson, Lineage.

Vert, on a fess Argent, between in chief a castle triple-towered Or, port and windows Gules, masoned Sable, between four mullets Argent, 2 and 2, and in base a Merino ram's head caboshed Or, between three mullets Argent, 2 and 1, two wolves passant Sable.

Arms devised by me, in plain tinctures, contoured in Sable, with a semi-circular outer contour and with a texturized finish.

These are the matrimonial and family arms of Darryn Carlo and Roberto Luchoro emblazoned by me.

Blazon keywords: Vert, Argent, Or, Gules, Sable, One, Two, Seven, Fess, Between, In chief, Castle, Triple-towered, Port and windows, Masoned, Mullet, In base, Merino ram, Head, Caboshed, Wolf and Passant.

Style keywords: Outlined in sable, Plain tincture and Semi-circular.

Classification: Personal, Created, Boa and Coat of arms.

Bearer: Luchoro and Darryn Carlo, Roberto.

Son of Alfonso X of Castile and Violant of Aragon.

Quarterly: 1 and 4 Gules, a castle triple towered Or, port and windows Azure, masoned Sable; 2 and 3 Argent, a lion rampant Purpure, armed and langued Gules, crowned Or. Crest: An open royal crown Or.

Escudo cuartelado: 1^o y 4^o de gules, un castillo de oro, aclarado de azur, mazonado de sable; 2^o y 3^o de plata, un león rampante de púrpura, armado y lampasado de gules, coronado de oro. Timbrado de una corona real abierta.

Arms of the king interpreted by me as follows: the shield of arms has a rounded (semicircular) base; the quarters are in flat tinctures Argent and Gules; the castles, lions and crown are illuminated; the castles and lions are shaded; and the whole has a parchment finish.

Blazon keywords: Quarterly, Gules, Or, Azure, Sable, One, Castle, Port and windows, Masoned, Argent, Purpure, Lion, Rampant, Armed, Langued, Crowned, Crest, Open royal crown and Crown.

Style keywords: Rounded, Illuminated and Parchment.

Classification: Interpreted, Personal, Coat of arms and Kingdom of Castile and Leon.

Bearer: Sancho IV of Castile.

Party per pale: 1 Gules, a castle triple-towered Or, port and windows Azure, and masoned Sable; 2 Argent, a lion rampant Purpure, armed and langued Gules.

Escudo partido: 1^o de gules, un castillo de oro, aclarado de azur, mazonado de sable; 2^o de plata, un león rampante de púrpura, armado y lampasado de gules.

Arms emblazoned by me, highlighted with lights and shadows, contoured in Sable, with an ogee outer contour and with a freehand finish.

Coat of arms of the Infante Sancho of Castile, 1233–1261, 8^th offspring of the King Ferdinand III of Castile, 1199-1252, and the Queen Beatrice of Swabia, 1205–1235. Unlike his siblings, he does not use a quarterly shield but rather impaled arms of Castile and Leon.

Blazon keywords: Gules, Or, Azure, Sable, Argent, Purpure, One, Party per pale, Castle, Triple-towered, Port and windows, Masoned, Lion, Rampant, Armed and Langued.

Style keywords: Outlined in sable, Illuminated, Ogee and Freehand.

Classification: Personal, Kingdom of Castile and Leon, Interpreted, Boa and Coat of arms.

Bearer: Sancho of Castile, Infante.

My heraldic channel @ntoniosalmeron at Twitter is twitter.com/ntoniosalmeron.

Categories: Technology, Social networks, Castle, Or, Port and windows, Azure, Masoned and Sable.

Or, a port Or, with jambs, enarched lintel, and two open leaves, upon a three-step stairway Azure.

Escudo de oro, una puerta con jambas, dintel arqueado, dos hojas abiertas sostenida de una escalinata de tres peldaños todo de azur, aclarada de oro.

Arms painted by me, highlighted with lights and shadows, outlined in Sable, with an ogee external shape and with a freehand finish.

Coat of arms of the lineages Uschiolo and Ustiolo, emblazoned by me following the blazon published by Vittorio Gifra in Italian: «Arma: d’oro, alla porta di due ante a timpano arcuato d’azzurro, scalinata di tre pezzi del medesimo e aperta del campo».

Blazon keywords: Or, Azure, One, Two, Three, Port, Arched, Enarched, Upon, Step, Stairway and Port and windows.

Style keywords: Outlined in sable, Illuminated, Ogee and Freehand.

Classification: Personal, Lineage, Interpreted, Boa and Coat of arms.

Bearer: Uschiolo and Ustiolo, lineages.

Luis Valero de Bernabé y Martín de Eugenio, «Los Castillos en la Heráldica Española», 2009.

I received this article directly from the author, to whom I am grateful for his kind submission. I consider it a preliminary and preparatory work for the article [Valero de Bernabé, L.; 2009b; pages 32-34] published later.

Bibliographical reference of century XXI.

The author is Valero de Bernabé y Martín de Eugenio, Luis.

Bibliographic reference mentioned in the following articles:

• Alfonso VIII of Castile, royal crown
• Castilian castle
• Castilian heraldry
• Edward IV of England; 1461

Internal resources: ValeroBernabeL2009.ElCastilloEnLaHeraldicaEspañola.pdf.